नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्री मोहनशमशेरको भ्रमण नै नहुने अवस्था आएपछि नेहरू भारतको प्रचलित चलन तोडेर २१ तोपको सलामी दिन राजी भए । अनी २००६ साल फागुन ७ गते रेलमार्गबाट हुदै मोहन शमशेर भारत गए। “दिल्लीमा उनलाई भारत सरकारले ठूलो स्वागत र सम्मान गर्यो” । मोहनशमशेरलाई सन्धीमा हस्ताक्षर गराउनकै लागि नेहरुले प्रचलित परम्परा तोडेर २१ तोपको सलामी लिने निर्णय लिएका थिए ।
नेपालमा राणा विरोधी आवाज तिव्र हुदै गर्दा १९४९ डिसेम्बरमा प्रधानमन्त्री मोहन शमशेर जबरालाई भारतीय प्रधानमन्त्री जवाहरलाल नेहरूले औपचारिक भ्रमणका लागि निमन्त्रणा गरे । नेपाली प्रधानमन्त्रीले निमन्त्रणा त स्विकारे तर २१ तोपको सलामी पाउने सुनिश्चितता नभएसम्म भ्रमणमा नजाने सन्देश आफ्ना राजदुत सिंह शमशेर मार्फत नेहरुलाई पठाए। त्यतिवेला राष्ट्राध्यक्षलाई २१ र प्रधानमन्त्रीलाई १९ तोपको सलामी दिने चलन थियो। नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्री मोहनशमशेरको भ्रमण नै नहुने अवस्था आएपछि नेहरू भारतको प्रचलित चलन तोडेर २१ तोपको सलामी दिन राजी भए । अनी २००६ साल फागुन ७ गते बल्ल रेलमार्गबाट हुदै मोहन शमशेर भारत गए। “दिल्लीमा उनलाई भारत सरकारले ठूलो स्वागत र सम्मान गर्यो” त्यही भ्रमणमा दुई देशबीच मैत्री सन्धी गर्न भारतीय पक्षबाट राखिएको प्रस्तावमा छलफल भयो । मोहनशमशेरलाई सन्धीमा हस्ताक्षर गराउनकै लागि नेहरुले प्रचलित परम्परा तोडेर उनलाई २१ तोपको सलामी लिने निर्णय लिएका थिए ।
नयाँ दिल्लीस्थित प्रधानमन्त्री निवासमा “२००६ साल फागुन ८ गते दुई देशका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरुबीच भएको डेढ घण्टा लामो वान टु वान वार्तामा मोहनशमशेरले चाडै नेपाल–भारत सन्धि गर्ने वचन नेहरुलाई दिएर काठमाडौं फर्किए। नेपाल भारतबीच ३१ जुलाई १९५० अर्थात २००७ साल साउन १६ गते शान्ति तथा मैत्री सन्धि भयो । सिंहदरवार स्थित ग्लारी बैठक (संसद भवन) मा नेपालका तर्फबाट प्रधानमन्त्री मोहनशमशेर र भारतका तर्फबाट राजदुत चन्द्रेश्वरप्रसाद सिंहले हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए । नेपाल भारत सम्वन्धमा सबै भन्दा वढी चर्चा हुने गरेको र नेपालले पटक पटक पुनरावलोकन गर्ने प्रयास गर्दै आए पनि भारत त्यसका लागि तयार छैन । सन्धि हुँदाको राणा शासन गयो, प्रजातन्त्र, पञ्चायत, लोकतन्त्र हुँदै गणतन्त्र आयो। सन्धि पुनरावलोकन हुनुपर्छ भन्ने आवाज बलियो भएको छ। नेपालले दुई देशबीचको हरेक मञ्चमा पुनरावलोकनको कुरा उठाउँदै आएको छ तर भारत त्यस तयार भएको छैन । नेपाल भारत मैत्री सन्धीमा के छ ।
हेरौं पूर्ण पाठ ।
नेपाल भारत शान्ति तथा मैत्री सन्धि
(जुलाई ३१/१९५०)
नेपाल र भारत सरकार शताब्दियौंदेखि दुई मुलुकका बीच रहिखाएको मित्रतापूर्ण सम्बन्धप्रति रहँदै उक्त सम्बन्धलाई अरु विकसित र सुदुढ पारी दुई मुलुकको शान्तिलाई निरन्तरता दिने उद्देश्यले- परस्पर शान्ति तथा मैत्रीसन्धि गर्ने निश्चय गरी यो सन्धि गर्ने निम्नलिखित व्यक्तिहरुलाई सम्पूर्ण अधिकारसहित प्रतिनिधि नियुक्त गरिएको छ । जसमा नेपालका तर्फबाट महाराज, प्रधानमन्त्री तथा सर्वोच्च सेनापति मोहन शम्शेर जंगबहादुर राण र भारत सरकारका तर्फबाट नेपालमा भारतका महामहिम राजदूत चन्द्रेश्वरप्रसाद नारायणसिंहले एकअर्काको अधिकार पत्र जाँदा ठीक र रीतपूर्वकको ठहर्याइएकोले देहायकाप्रबन्धहरुलाई स्वीकारेका छन् ।
धारा-१
नेपाल भारत सरकारका बीच स्थायी शान्ति र मित्रता रहिरहनेछ । दुवै सरकार परस्परमा एक अर्काको पूर्ण प्रभुसत्ता, क्षेत्रीय अखण्डता र स्वतन्त्रताप्रति सम्मान र समर्थन गर्न स्वीकार गर्दछन् ।
धारा-२
दुबै सरकार परस्परमा कायम रहेको मित्रतापूर्ण सम्बन्धमा खलल पर्न जाने सम्भावना रहने गरी कुनै छिमेकीसँग गम्भीर खटपट वा विवाद उत्पन्न भएका एक अर्कालाई जानकारी दिने प्रतिवद्ध छन् ।
धारा-३
धारा १ मा उल्लेख भएअनुसार सम्वन्ध स्थापना गर्न र त्यसलाई कायम गर्नका लागि दुबै सरकार आवश्यक कामकाजको सुसञ्चालनका लागि आवश्यक कर्मचारी र आफ्ना प्रतिनिधिहरुद्वारा एक अर्कासँग कूटनीतिक सम्बन्ध राख्न राजी छन् ।
ती प्रतिनिधिहरु र तोकिएका कर्मचारीहरुले पारस्परिक आधारमा प्रचलित व्यवस्थाअन्तर्गत अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय कानूनले प्रदान गरेका सबै कुटनीतिक विशेषधिकार र उन्मुक्तिहरुलाई उपभोग गर्नेछन् । यी अधिकारहरु दुबैमध्ये एक मुलुकको कूटनीतिक सम्बन्ध भएको कुनै अर्को मुलुकका समानस्तरका व्यक्तिहरुलाई दिइएका अधिकारभन्दा कुनै पनि हालतमा कम हुने छैनन् ।
धारा-४
दुबै सरकारहरु एक अर्को मुलुकका तोकिएका शहर, बन्दरगाह र अन्य स्थानहरुमा बस्ने महावाणिज्यदूत, वाणिज्यदूत, उपवाणिज्यदूत र वाणिज्य प्रतिनिधिहरु नियुक्त गर्न मञ्जुर छन् ।
महावाणिज्य दूत, उपवाणिज्यदूत र वाणिज्य प्रतिनिधिहरुलाई उनीहरुको पदाधिकारमा नियुक्तिको वैधानिक प्रमाणपत्र प्रदान गरिनेछ । ती पदाधिकारी या नियुक्तिको वैधानिक प्रमाण पत्रलाई सो प्रदान गर्ने मुलुकले आवाश्यक ठानेमा फिर्ता लिन सक्नेछ । सम्भव भएका त्यसरी फर्ता लिइनुको कारणको जनाउ दिन सकिनेछ । माथि उल्लेखित व्यक्तिहरुले पारस्परिक आधारमा ती सबै हक विशेषाधिकार र उन्मुक्तिहरुको उपयोग गर्नेछन्, जुन ती मुलुकका समान श्रेणीका व्यक्तिहरुलाई प्रदान गरिएको छ ।
धारा-५
नेपाल सरकारलाई आफ्नो सुरक्षाका लागि आवश्यक पर्ने हातहतियार, विष्फोटक सामाग्री या गोलीगठ्ठा, कलपूर्जा आदि स्वतन्त्रतापूर्वक भारतीय भूमिबाट र भारतीय भूमि भएर आयात गर्ने अधिकार रहनेछ । यी प्रवन्धलाई कार्यरुप दिन दुबै सरकारले परस्परमा परामर्श गरी एउटा कार्यप्रणाली तय गर्नेछन् ।
धारा-६
दुबै सरकार नेपाल र भारतबीच विद्यमान असल छिमेकीपन र मित्रताको प्रतीकस्वरुप एकले अर्को देशका नागरिकहरुलाई आफ्नो मुलुकका औद्योगिक र आर्थिक विकासका मामिलाहरुमा सहभागी हुन तथा आर्थिक विकाससँग सम्बन्धित मामिलाहरुमा दिइने सहुलियत र ठेक्का पट्टाहरुमा राष्ट्रिय व्यवहार प्रदान गर्नेछन् ।
धारा-७
नेपाल र भारत दुबै देशका सरहकारहरु समान आधारमा एक अर्को देशका नागरिकहरुलाई आ-आफ्नो भू-भागमा बसोबास तथा सम्पत्तिको भोगचलन गर्ने, उद्योग र व्यापारिक कारोवारमा भाग लिने, डुलफिर गर्ने र यस्तै प्रकारका अन्य विशेषाधिकारहरु प्रदान गर्न स्वीकृत प्रदान गर्दछन् ।
धारा-८
जहाँसम्म यहाँ उल्लेख भएका कुराहरुको सवाल छ तिनको हकमा यो सन्धिले नेपाल सरकार र भारत सरकारको तर्फबाट ब्रिटिश सरकारको बीचमा भएका सबै सन्धिहरु, संझौताहरु र प्रतिज्ञापत्रहरुलाई खारेज गरेको छ ।
धारा-९
यो सन्धि दुबै सरकारले हस्ताक्षर गरेको मितिदेखि लागू हुनेछ ।
धारा-१०
कुनै एक मुलुकले एक वर्षको सूचना दिई खारेज नगरेसम्म यो सन्धिको अस्तित्व रहिरहनेछ ।
काठमाडौंमा विसं २००७ साल साउन १६ गते तदनुसार ईश्वी संवत १९५० जुलाई महिनाको ३१ तारिखका दिन यो सन्धिको दुबै प्रतिमा हस्ताक्षर भयो ।
हस्ताक्षर
चन्द्रेश्वरप्रसाद नारायण सिंह मोहन सम्शेर जंगबहादुर राणा
भारत सरकारको निमित्त नेपाल सरकारको निमित्त
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Or you can do supinated lat pulldowns as an alternative, although that’s not an option should you prepare at residence. Now in terms of emphasizing the brief head, we simply reverse what we did for the long head. Subsequent, in case your lengthy head is lagging behind, then what you need to do is begin implementing exercises that preferentially target this head. Not Like the the biceps, the brachialis muscle only has one function and that's to flex the arm. So with that being stated, let’s take a glance at a exercise you can do to enhance your biceps width, by first prioritizing the brachialis after which working in your less developed biceps head. While the brachialis will be the major elbow flexor, this is nonetheless a major position for the biceps as nicely. A traditional, effective muscle-building exercise that applies the essential mechanics of weightlifting for any health or talent stage. As A Outcome Of the momentum is removed from the equation, you’re relying solely on correct form and power to curl the dumbbells, and it may be an actual challenge for these muscle tissue. Preserving consistent rigidity on the biceps to advertise more muscle mass whereas protecting the joints within the elbow from pressure or damage. Attempt finishing two sets of eight to 12 reps, and add weight from there. A variation in the standard curl means your arms are working in a different way; within the reverse curl, the forearms are engaged with the biceps. Activating the biceps and forearm muscular tissues with a unique grip fashion than the usual curl. The deadstop seated barbell curl is all about concentric contraction. Starting every rep from an entire stop with the bar resting in your thighs eliminates momentum and requires your biceps to do more work. Performing it seated removes lower-body involvement, keeping the strain in your biceps and isolating them for an enhanced muscle pump. "If you want to improve your pulling capability, don't skip bicep day. If your weapons run out of juice method earlier than your rear delts, traps and lats, you're compromising your big pulls and your again positive aspects too", not to mention growing your threat of damage. If you’re on this camp, you’ve most likely tried methods like going heavier with the smaller arm or doing extra reps with the same weight. Bicep exercises build power in the upper arms and sculpt impressive sleeve-busting muscular tissues there. Curls are one of the most effective bicep workouts for mass, and adding weight will only enhance those features. In Accordance to the American Council on Exercise, or ACE for brief, concentration curls are the most effective biceps train you can do. In studies, this exercise produced probably the most significant diploma of muscle activation. Nevertheless, as a end result of it makes use of comparatively light weights, it’s finest left to the tip of your workout when your biceps are starting to fatigue. Straight barbell curls are a superb biceps exercise, however they are often onerous on your elbows. Using an EZ bar takes stress off your joints and permits you to actually concentrate on working your biceps as hard as you can. Therefore, what you should do is choose big compound workout routines that are more bicep-specific and embrace them in your training. One benefit of biceps training that many people don’t take into consideration is harm prevention. In fact, even in a lot of strength-specific workout plans, there will be some type of elbow flexion purely for harm prevention. Due to its positioning, the biceps and elbow are extra vulnerable to harm on actions corresponding to deadlifts. Having strong biceps is an effective way to maintain your arms healthy and injury-free. Most individuals do clean and presses with a barbell and whereas standing. Training gurus have long taught the bodybuilding plenty the logic of working a smaller muscle group such as the biceps after a bigger muscle group like again, or triceps after chest or shoulders. While that makes sense, if you’ve ever tried that arm exercise without previous it with a bigger muscle group, then you perceive how intense—and pumped—your arms can get when you prepare them alone. The chest and bicep workout routine kicks off with bench presses before transferring to lighter isolation work. When it comes to building large biceps and forearms, the rope hammer curl is an effective isolation exercise that targets the brachialis and brachioradialis. Constructing a large, thick, detailed back isn’t a new concept revealed solely to modern-day bodybuilders like Ronnie Coleman, Jay Cutler, and Phil Heath. Arnold, Franco Columbu, and others they skilled with also knew the significance of the back double-biceps and lat unfold poses for successful major competitions. Supersets boost the depth of your coaching, and the session requires a slightly greater rep vary that may enrage your biceps pump. The seated curls are accomplished through a shortened range of movement, and may therefore be done after the full-range standing curls. Biceps workouts largely include isolation exercises, which assist construct muscle dimension and energy that carry over to compound lifts. While the rep scheme given (3X8-12) is sweet for the other curls, you will carry out cheat curls using a 3X5 rep scheme and a 3-5 second eccentric. Comparable to the above, you want to also use completely different hundreds together with your training. This is greatest carried out with the compound actions, BUT you can even use lighter masses with the compound actions as well. If you’re pondering that is similar advice to each other muscle, you'd be appropriate. The main takeaway remains to be to make the most of plenty of variation together with your train choice. Nonetheless, stick with full ROM for nearly all of your coaching and you could experiment with partial ROM. Dumbbells permit you to control their position, twisting at the wrist and transferring them independently. Doing so shifts a few of the work out of your biceps to the front of your shoulders. If you needed to decide only one train for your biceps, the dumbbell curl would be an excellent alternative. It is usually at or close to the highest of the list of biceps train decisions for novices and advanced trainees alike. Entrance and heart on the higher arm, your biceps are one of the visible muscles and sometimes the primary ones people discover. When someone flexes – you guessed it – it’s often the biceps they’re displaying off. This finally ends up being between forty to a hundred reps of complete quantity, which can provide plenty of muscle-building stimuli. As for the close-grip variation, it takes things to another stage by training the lengthy head with even more resistance. Primarily, the shut grip places additional emphasis on your biceps/upper arms and a little less out of your again, and it increases the vary of movement...Make positive to flex after this one. With the body weight standing bicep curl you need a stable anchor point to hold on to. Because of this, you’ll be coaching grip and forearm energy as nicely as training your biceps. Be careful here not to pull yourself towards the anchor level however to initiate the motion by bending your elbows. This would mean performing less total coaching volume and sure decreasing your potential muscle growth as properly. But for higher achieve, It is crucial to extend the stress positioned on the muscles progressively and practice various muscle fibers with totally different exercises. Barbell workout routines are efficient at recruiting your arm, which can be utilized to build size, as long as they are accomplished at an appropriate frequency and volume. The brachialis muscle is considered one of the main muscle tissue within the upper arm. Close-grip curls goal the lengthy head of the biceps, which supplies the biceps that nice peak if you flex. When it comes to building muscle, you need two issues, resistance and time underneath tension. Your body doesn’t know what kind of resistance you are applying to it. The plank hits your glutes, core, chest, triceps and shoulders in an isometric style. The renegade row (which is a row from a plank position) works your biceps, again, and rear delts. And the plank to squat works your legs, glutes, low again and traps. It’s a great advanced, multi-phase, multi-joint train that is going that can assist you construct mass and brute energy while burning a lot of energy at the similar time. The clear can be an train that can be done with comparatively heavy dumbbells. Here, I’ll break down the 10 finest barbell biceps curls, explaining how each one targets your arms from a unique angle for enhanced biceps growth. Most research shows you'll find a way to maximize your rate of muscle development with about 10–20 sets per week. The upper limit isn’t very well established yet, particularly when you’re attempting to focus on just a few muscle groups at a time. It’s attainable that you can grow your biceps even faster by doing 30 and even forty units per week, especially should you work as a lot as it steadily. To train both heads, I recommend starting together with your favorite vertical pull. Chin-ups/pulldowns with an underhand, angled, or neutral grip give your biceps higher leverage, and so they could also be better. Use a gradual and managed rep tempo and concentrate on contracting the biceps with each rep. Please feel free to download the StrengthLog workout log app to coach this exercise (and many more!) and monitor your features. In distinction, the brachialis is a simple muscle, which crosses only one joint and is a pure elbow flexor. The preacher curl should be your go-to train if you want to isolate your biceps fully. You place your higher arm in a hard and fast position, making it unimaginable to cheat or to make use of other muscular tissues to help curl the burden up. The biceps brachii (or simply the biceps for short) is a two-headed muscle situated at the entrance of the upper arm. The two heads (the short and the lengthy head) start at completely different spots in your shoulder blade and join together on the elbow. While we went over the compound workouts, keep in thoughts that you still want to use this identical idea to the biceps. You can even click on the link to see the assorted bicep workouts for women that our group of specialists created with females in thoughts, in addition to the opposite follow-along routines listed beneath. 1️⃣ Pressure in the Stretched Position – Workout Routines that place high mechanical rigidity on the biceps when fully stretched rank greater, as research suggests this results in greater muscle growth. Pushups can help build biceps, however not in addition to workouts like the Barbell Cheat Curl and Dumbbell Curls which particularly target the biceps. The first position is the Supinated Cross Body Curl which allows us to preferentially hit the long head of the biceps. However, if you slow your rep pace down or use pauses for isometric contractions, reps between 6-12 work best, depending on how lengthy it takes you to get 30 to 40 seconds of time beneath tension. The biceps additionally aid the anterior deltoid with shoulder flexion and along with the triceps they support the humeral head in the shoulder joint for shoulder stability. The final possibility is to wear a weighted vest, which can undoubtedly turn out to be useful for many extra exercises besides door curls. First off, you possibly can simply turn it right into a excessive rep biceps workout by doing loads of repetitions. They’re also tougher than normal curls as a result of when the biceps are behind your torso somewhat than consistent with it, they’re naturally in a weaker place.
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