राष्ट्रप्रमुखलाई निरङ्कुश र स्वेच्छाचारी बन्नबाट रोक्ने मदन भण्डारीको त्यो दुरदृष्टि 

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राजाले संविधानविपरीत काम गरेको खण्डमा महाअभियोग लगाउन पाइने अधिकारको व्यवस्था गरिनुपर्छ । यदि यस्तो प्रावधान भएन भने इतिहासमा जस्तै फेरि निरङ्कुशतन्त्र÷स्वेच्छाचारिता बढ्दै जानसक्ने खतराबाट जोगिन सकिन्न ।

नेकपा मालेका तत्कालीन महासचिव मदन भण्डारीले २०४७ सालको संविधानलाई अलोचनात्मक समर्थन गर्दै इतिहासमा रेकर्ड रहोस् भनेर २७ वुदे फरक मत दर्ता गराएका थिए । अहिले आएर हेर्दा राष्ट्र«वादी नेता भण्डारीले दर्ज गराएका अधिकांश वुदा सान्दर्भिक लाग्छन् । असहमतिको २७ औं वुदामा भण्डारीले भनेका थिए ‘राजा (श्री ५) ले संविधानविपरीत काम गरेको खण्डमा महाअभियोग लगाउन पाइने अधिकारको व्यवस्था गरिनुपर्छ । यदि यस्तो प्रावधान भएन भने इतिहासमा जस्तै फेरि निरङ्कुशतन्त्र÷स्वेच्छाचारिता बढ्दै जानसक्ने खतराबाट जोगिन सकिन्न । 

भण्डारीका २७ फरक मत
नेपाल अधिराज्यको संविधान–२०४७ का सम्वन्धमा तत्कालीन नेकपा (माले) का महासचिव मदन भण्डारीले २०४७ साल असोज ११ गते प्रस्तुत गर्नुभएका आलोचना र सुझाव निम्नानुसार रहेका छन्ः 
१ मस्यौदा संविधानको धारा ३ मा सार्वभौमसत्ता जनतामा निहित रहेको र यसको प्रयोग संविधानमा व्यवस्था भएबमोजिम हुनेछ भनिएको छ । यस्तो अस्पष्टता हुनुहुँदैन । यसमा सुस्पष्ट रूपमा जनता र जनताबाट निर्वाचित प्रतिनिधिहरूद्वारा सार्वभौमसत्ताको प्रयोग हुनेछ भनेर लेखिनुपर्छ, नत्र फेरि घुमाउरो ढङ्गले त्यो अधिकार राजाकै हातमा पुग्न सक्छ । 
२ धारा ४ अधिराज्यको (१) मा उल्लेख भएको ‘हिन्दू’ शब्द हटाइनुपर्छ । राजा हिन्दू धर्मावलम्बी हुनेछन्भन्ने कुरा धारा २७ मा लेखिएको हुनाले यहाँअधिराज्यको परिभाषामा त्यसलाई राख्नु आवश्यक छैन । त्यसले अधिराज्यको सम्बन्धमा भ्रम खडा गर्न सक्छ । राजा हिन्दू हुनु वर्तमान यथार्थताको तस्बिर मात्र हो। अधिराज्यको सवालमा यस्तो कुनै भ्रम रचिनुहुँदैन । 
३ धारा ६ मा नेपाली भाषालाई राष्ट्रभाषा र देशका सबै मातृभाषाहरूलाई ‘राष्ट्रिय भाषा’ लेखेको हुनाले पक्षपात गर्न खोजिएको भ्रम उत्पन्न भएको छ । सबै भाषालाई समान ढङ्गले सम्मान गर्नका निमित्त एउटै मात्र शब्दको प्रयोग गरी नेपाली भाषालाई राजकीय वा सरकारी कामकाजको भाषा मात्र मान्नुपर्छ । 
४ धारा ७ को ३ मा उल्लेख भएको निसाना छाप वर्तमान परिस्थितिअनुरूप फेर्नुपर्छ । 
५ भाग ३ को मौलिक हकसम्बन्धी व्यवस्थामा प्रतिबन्धात्मक उपधाराहरू राखिएका छन् । तिनीहरूमा प्रयोग गरिएको ‘राजद्रोह’ तथा ‘हिंसात्मक कार्य गर्ने’ जस्ता शब्दहरू हटाउनुपर्छ । त्यहाँ सुस्पष्ट रूपमा ‘राज्यद्रोह’ तथा ‘हिंसात्मक कार्य गर्ने’ जस्ता शब्द राख्नुपर्छ । नत्र शासकहरूले जहिले पनि विपक्षमाथि यस्तो आरोप लगाएर प्रतिबन्ध लगाउने खतरा रहन्छ । प्रतिबन्धात्मक विषयलाई अत्यन्त आवश्यक भएका ठाउँसम्म मात्र सीमित गर्नुपर्छ । एक हातले मौलिक हक दिएजस्तो गर्ने र अर्को हातले खोस्ने ढङ्गले गरिएको व्यवस्था आपत्तिजनक छ । 
६ धारा १७ को सम्पत्तिको हकसम्बन्धी व्यवस्था लोक कल्याणकारी राज्यको अवधारणाअनुरूप हुनुपर्छ । आमूल परिवर्तनकारी भूमिसुधार र अरू आर्थिक सुधारका कार्यक्रमहरू सञ्चालन गर्ने, हदबन्दी निश्चित गर्ने र हदबन्दीभन्दा बढी जग्गालाई कानुन बनाएर अधिग्रहण गर्ने संवैधानिक व्यवस्था हुनुपर्छ । श्रमिकहरूलाई आफ्नो श्रम र श्रमको उत्पादनमाथि पूर्ण स्वामित्व प्रदान गर्ने कुरा उल्लेख गरिनुपर्छ । 
७ भाग ५ को ‘श्री ५’ सम्बन्धी महलमा धारा २७ को २ मा ‘श्री ५’ लाई नेपालको राष्ट्रियता र नेपाली जनताको एकताको प्रतीक भनिएको छ । ‘श्री ५’ भनेको संविधानअनुसार एउटा व्यक्ति हो र व्यक्ति राष्ट्रियता र जनएकताको प्रतीक हुन सक्दैन । यसलाई हटाउनुपर्छ । बहुदलीय प्रजातन्त्र र प्रजातान्त्रिक संविधान मात्र राष्ट्रियता र जनएकताको प्रतीक हुन सक्छ । 
८ धारा २७ को ३ मा संविधानको संरक्षण श्री ५ बाट गर्ने भनिएको छ । संविधानको संरक्षणकर्ता जनता हुन्, श्री ५ वा कुनै व्यक्ति, राजनीतिक पार्टी वा संस्था हुन सक्दैन । श्री ५, राजनीतिक पार्टी र हरेक व्यक्तिले संविधानको पालना गर्नुपर्छ । सार्वभौम अधिकार भएका जनता मात्र त्यसका संरक्षक हुन सक्दछन् । 
९ धारा २८ को १ र २ दुवैलाई हटाउनुपर्छ र श्री ५ का वंशजहरूको रित र परम्परा भनेको स्वेच्छाचारी र निरङ्कुशतन्त्री रहँदै आएको छ । अब त्यस्तो स्थिति रहन पाउने छैन । राजा पूर्ण रूपमा संविधानको मातहत हुनुपर्छ । उत्तराधिकारीको क्रमसम्बन्धी कानुन बनाउने, संशोधन गर्ने र खारेज गर्ने अधिकार श्री ५ को स्वीकृतमा संसद्मा रहनुपर्छ । 
१० धारा २९ को श्री ५ र राजपरिवारको खर्चसम्बन्धी व्यवस्थामा प्रचलित कानुनमा व्यवस्था भएको खर्च र सुविधा घट्ने गरी कुनै कानुन बनाउन पाइने छैन भन्ने प्रतिबन्धात्मक वाक्यांशलाई हटाउनुपर्छ । यस धारामा उल्लेख गरिएको श्री ५ शब्द पनि हटाउनुपर्छ । 
११ धारा ३० मा राजपरिवारको आय वा निजी सम्पत्ति करमुक्त र अनतिक्रम्य हुने व्यवस्था गरिएको छ । यसलाई पूरै हटाउनुपर्छ । श्री ५ र राजपरिवार जमिन, उद्योग, व्यवसाय, आदिमा पूरै लाग्न पाउने तर हदबन्दी र नियन्त्रण गर्ने केही पनि हुन नहुने संवैधानिक व्यवस्था हुनु हुँदैन । राजा र राजपरिवारको सम्पत्तिमा पनि नागरिकसरह कर लाग्ने व्यवस्था गरिनु पर्छ । 
१२ धारा ३० मा गरिएको स्पष्टीकरणलाई अलग र सिङ्गो धारा बनाएर सुस्पष्ट व्यवस्था गरिनुपर्छ र ‘राजपरिवार’ भन्नाले के बुझिन्छ भन्ने किटानसाथ उल्लेख हुनुपर्छ । 
१३ धारा ३१ मा श्री ५ ले गरेका कुनै कामको सम्बन्धमा कुनै पनि अदालतमा सवाल–जवाफ गर्न नपाइने व्यवस्था गरिएको छ, यसलाई सच्याएर श्री ५ ले संविधानबमोजिम गरेको कामका बारेमा अदालतमा सवाल–जवाफ नहुन सक्छ । संविधान मिचेर काम गरेको भएमा अदालतमा मुद्दा चलाउन र सवाल–जवाफ गर्न पाउनुपर्छ ।
१४ भाग ६ को राजपरिषद्ले गर्ने भनिएको काम संसद्ले नै गर्न सक्ने हुनाले राजपरिषद्को अलग व्यवस्थालाई पूरै हटाउनुपर्छ । 
१५ धारा ४० मा उल्लेख गरिएको कार्यकारिणी अधिकारबाट ‘श्री ५’ लाई हटाउनुपर्छ । यसैको उपधारा (२) लाई पुनर्लेखन गरी ‘अन्यथा’ शब्दले भन्न खोजेको व्यवस्थालाई प्रस्ट पार्नेपर्छ र बाँकी सबै श्री ५ ले गर्ने काम मन्त्रिपरिषद्को सल्लाह र सम्मतिबाट मात्र गर्ने व्यवस्था किटान हुनुपर्छ । 
१६ धारा ४१ को (६) मा ‘प्रतिनिधिसभामा निजको विरुद्ध अविश्वासको प्रस्ताव पारित भएमा’ भन्ने कुरा पनि थप्नुपर्छ । 
१७ प्रतिनिधिसभा विघटन भई कार्यवाहक मन्त्रिपरिषद्ले निर्वाचन सम्पन्न गर्ने दायित्व निर्वाह गर्ने क्रममा प्रधानमन्त्रीको निधन भएमा राष्ट्रियसभाको सिफारिसमा श्री ५ बाट अर्को कार्यवाहक मन्त्रिपरिषद्को गठन गरिने कुरा स्पष्ट पारिनुपर्छ । 
१८ धारा ६१ को (१) मा ‘बहसमा बन्देज’ गरिएको कुरा हटाउनुपर्छ । अनुचित आचरण भएको खण्डमा संसद्मा बहस, छलफल गर्न पाउनुपर्छ । 
१९ धारा ७३ को (२) मा विधेयकमा संशोधन पेस गर्न श्री ५ को पूर्वस्वीकृति लिनुपर्ने व्यवस्थालाई हटाउनुपर्छ । 
२० धारा ७७ को अध्यादेशसम्बन्धी व्यवस्थामा उपधारा १ को ‘श्री ५ सन्तुष्ट होइबक्सेमा’, ‘मौसुफबाट आवश्यक सम्झिबक्सेमा’ भन्ने वाक्यांशहरू हटाउनुपर्छ । मन्त्रिपरिषद्को सिफारिसमा अध्यादेश जारी गर्नुपर्ने सुस्पष्ट व्यवस्था गरिनुपर्छ । 
२१ धारा ८२ को (१) र धारा ८४ को (१) मा गर्नुपर्ने कामहरू श्री ५ बाट गराउने भन्ने प्रावधान हटाउनुपर्छ । धारा ८६ र ८७ मा ‘श्री ५ को स्वविवेक, सन्तुष्टि र स्वीकृति’ भन्ने जस्ता वाक्यांशलाई हटाउनुपर्छ । यो मन्त्रिपरिषद्को अधिकार र कर्तव्यको विषय हो । 
२२ भाग १८ बमोजिम सङ्कटकालीन स्थिति उत्पन्न भएमा धारा १२२ को (८) अनुसार निलम्बित धाराहरूबाहेक धारा २३ को संवैधानिक उपचारहरू प्राप्त गर्ने हकसमेत निलम्बन गर्नुहुँदैन । 
२३ धारा १२५ मा राष्ट्रिय सुरक्षा समितिको व्यवस्था उल्लेख गर्नु आवश्यक छैन । देशको सेना पूर्ण रूपले मन्त्रिपरिषद्को मातहत हुनुपर्छ । सेनाको परिचालन कार्यकारिणी अधिकार हो र त्यो पूर्णरूपमा मन्त्रिपरिषद्मा रहनुपर्छ । 
२४ धारा १२९ मा बाधा अड्काउ फुकाउने अधिकारको व्यवस्था गरिएको ठाउँमा प्रधानमन्त्रीको सिफारिसमा श्री ५ बाट आदेश जारी गर्ने कुरा उल्लेख हुनुपर्छ । त्यो आदेशलाई प्रतिनिधिसभाबाट अनुमोदन गराउनुपर्छ । प्रतिनिधिसभाले अनुमोदन नगरे त्यो आदेश अमान्य र खारेज हुनुपर्छ । यो धारा संविधान लागू भएको एक वर्षपछि स्वतः हट्नेछ । 
२५ धारा १३३ मा संविधान लागू भएपछि पनि संविधानसंग बाझिएको भए पनि खारेज वा संशोधन नभएसम्म पुराना कानुनहरू एक वर्षसम्म लागू रहने व्यवस्था गरिएको छ । यसलाई बदल्नु पर्छ र संविधान लागू भएदेखि नै त्यसस“ग बाझ्ने ऐन÷कानुनहरू बाझिएका हदसम्म निष्क्रिय हुने र नबाझिएका कानुनहरू मात्र लागू रहने व्यवस्था गरिनुपर्छ । नत्र संविधान जस्तोसुकै भए पनि जनताको दैनिक जीवनमाथि तानाशाही शासन बदलिएको अनुभव हुन पाउने छैन । 
२६ ‘श्री ५ को सरकार’ मा श्री ५ हटाएर नेपाल सरकार भन्ने व्यवस्था हुनुपर्छ । शाही सेना भनिएको ठाउँमा नेपाली सेना भन्ने व्यवस्था हुनुपर्छ । सरकारी सार्वजनिक संस्थानहरू र निकायहरू सबै ठाउँमा रहेको शाही शब्द हटाउनुपर्छ । 
२७ श्री ५ ले संविधानविपरीत काम गरेको खण्डमा महाअभियोग लगाउन पाइने अधिकारको व्यवस्था गरिनुपर्छ । यदि यस्तो प्रावधान भएन भने इतिहासमा जस्तै फेरि निरङ्कुशतन्त्र÷स्वेच्छाचारिता बढ्दै जानसक्ने खतराबाट जोगिन सकिन्न । 
(यो समाग्री हामीले नेकपा एमालेको मुखपत्र ‘नवयुग’को २०६३ जेठ अंकवाट लिएका हौं)
 




प्रतिक्रिया


  1. This means you could work the triceps in accordance with the direction of the muscle's pure movement sample. To optimally load a muscle, the muscle must be directly opposite the resistance. The upright row is an excellent cable machine shoulder exercise to work the shoulders and upper again and is great to incorporate in your shoulder exercise routine. An unimaginable cable shoulder exercise that targets the facet delts, the cable lateral elevate is a good isolation exercise that may humble you. It's necessary to use mild weights to begin to guarantee you perform the train with correct type. We can't finish a dialogue on cable chest workoutswithout taking some time to run by way of your capability to breathe and brace. In addition, it is easier to performisolation work with a cable machine than it's with free weights. It is easierboth to isolate a single muscle or muscle group within the first place, and easierto really feel a pump and work mind-muscle connection with the sluggish, controlledmovements that cables foster. Developingpectoral, anterior deltoid and triceps strengthand definition might be key for anyone wanting to take advantage of out of theupper body pressing energy. The versatility, effectivity, and flexibility of the Incline Cable Press make it an unbeatable choice to add to your cable machine chest routines. This method builds power utilizing a safer, mounted bar path than free weights. To do the mendacity machine chest press, you lie on a bench and maintain a barbell. The barbell is hooked up to weighted plates that move up and down on rods. The mendacity cable pullover is an effective substitute for the barbell or dumbbell pullover. It is the most effective train to construct a strong rib cage  and construct serratus anterior muscle to build a whole chest and again. The high to low cable fly is a variation of the chest fly, and it's a great exercise to focus on the  lower portion of your chest. One Other key takeaway is that the dumbbell pullover is not a chest train. Discover for your self what works finest for you, but also maintain this guide in mind. The chest could be troublesome to activate, especially throughout compound train like presses, push-ups, and dips, so it’s important to know what the science says about what works best. Just barely behind barbell presses are machine fly exercises, specifically the CABLE CROSSOVER and PEC DECK FLY. Because a weight is all the time pulling straight down, anytime it’s not traveling straight up (as throughout a free-weight curl or dumbbell fly or dumbbell facet lateral) rigidity is lost. So, dumbbell flyes don’t price high as chest workouts, although pulling your arms closer collectively is a pure pectoral motion. Nonetheless, whenever you do a fly with a weight stack or stacks (crossover, pec deck, and so forth.) the load travels solely horizontal, maintaining rigidity on your pectorals from stretch to contraction. To do it, arrange two cable pulleys at a high place and grab one handle in each hand. Lean barely forward and convey your arms together in front of your chest, crossing one over the opposite. This is just like the cable crossover, but as an alternative of crossing your arms, you retain them parallel. The cable travel is much less in comparability with the cable crossover, so a Useful Coach works great for this train. Cable crossovers allow for a higher range of movement compared to another chest workouts. The extensive arc movement allows the chest muscles to be stretched totally in the extended place, resulting in improved flexibility and features in muscle measurement. Due to the utilization of cables and the necessity to stabilize the physique, cable crossovers have interaction the stabilizer muscles, together with the core and the muscles of the higher again and arms. The Svend press is an train that entails holding two plates together in entrance of your chest and pushing them collectively. Svend presses primarily target the chest muscular tissues and are often used as a supplemental train to boost chest muscle growth and strength. With that mentioned, listed right here are two cable chest workouts you presumably can comply with each week. Since there are no more than 12 whole units, you'll find a way to be happy to add in different workouts similar to shoulders, arms, and core. The exercise ball cable flies are chest strengthening workouts that concentrate on the pectoralis major (lower to middle) chest muscles. Cable workout routines are simpler than free-weight workout routines in multiple methods. They keep fixed tension on the muscular tissues throughout the vary of movement, present a broad range of exercise choices, and are safer than free-weight exercises. Plus, the resistance on cable machines is shortly and easily adjustable. The cable flat bench press workouts the pectoralis main and minor (lower, middle) chest muscular tissues. Altogether, you'll be able to target your chest in so many different ways to ensure every muscle fiber of your pec major (upper, decrease, middle, inner) is activated adequately. There are three precautions to take so as to safely carry out the Svend press. Your pectoral muscular tissues, the technical name on your chest, are one of many predominant muscles in the upper body. What most people do not understand is that there are actually two completely different units of pectoral muscles. Recognized as the pectoralis major and the pectoralis minor, these are what make up your pecs. The weights could be adjusted to make the workouts easier or harder, depending in your health stage. There are many benefits to cable workout routines, including elevated stability, flexibility, and core stability. The Standing cable chest press is one other nice exercise in your cable chest exercise. It can improve the range of motion to where your palms meet as in comparability with the conference bench press. The incline reverse-grip dumbbell bench press is a very effective compound train that targets the higher chest muscles for maximum muscle and strength gains. As a result, this kind of train is often simpler on the joints and fewer prone to trigger or exacerbate accidents. As A Outcome Of there may be by no means any actual "resting point" with cable flys, you’ll find you have to work even tougher to complete your set than you would with dumbbell flys. The difference just isn't exponential, however doing cable flys will assist you to construct more muscle extra quickly than dumbbell flys. However with the cable machine, you’re simply pulling or pushing the burden, and there is no precise weight resting directly in your body. I Will also clarify why cables are so effective for triceps training and supply some private trainer tips for working the triceps. Here Is an awesome delt exercise featuring cable shoulder workouts, which could be accomplished solely using the cable machine. In this train, the angle of the cable overhead press ends in the force pulling down behind you, which helps recruit muscle fibers that different shoulder presses aren't able to. Performing shoulder workout routines on a cable machine can highlight any weaknesses or shortcomings you may have on one side versus the opposite. We generally recommend free weights for the large compound lifts to get the biggest bang on your buck, however in phrases of isolation workout routines, the cable machine is an ideal selection. With Cable Flat Bench Flys, you raise the handles to an angle barely above the extent of the bench, so your arms are virtually fully extended throughout the total vary of movement. The focus is completely on the outer and inner chest muscles due to the fixed rigidity of the cable machine and the elevated angle. By strengthening the muscles of the higher and center again, you help to counteract the results of your often hunched-forward posture. A sturdy back pulls your shoulders back, improving shoulder stability, and it permits for higher chest activation in your pushing workout routines. It lets you concentrate on the mind-muscle connection and feel the chest muscular tissues contracting when you exercise. It is normally carried out after big compound lifts, just like the bench press and  dumbbell press. The handles are pulled inward and upward in a sweeping motion, crossing in entrance of the chest to work the lower chest muscular tissues. If you wish to try new exercises in your upper chest with dumbbells, attempt doing the Incline Press with a dumbbell on a ball. " If the reply is more than two, improve the burden or reps to make your next set tougher. Because you’re using a cable machine, there’s no want for a spotter/assist to assist you if you’re struggling underneath a heavy load. Move your arms in a slightly downward movement to fulfill at the degree of your sternum. If you haven’t tried this exercise, I highly recommend it, as it might well be one of the best lower chest contraction you’ve felt. The sternal head of the pectoral can be focused with certain workout routines, a number of of that are included in the record above. When aiming for localized muscular endurance, it is necessary to decrease the load and improve the time the muscle has to carry out. Your sternocostal head is the bigger head that makes up the center and lower end of the pec. This is what additionally makes up your lower chest, which you can learn more about in our article on the Best Decrease Chest Workout Routines. If the chest is your least favourite, you could not adore it, but you still must do it. After all, we just obtained accomplished speaking about how equally-developed muscle tissue are essential to an awesome physique. The cable fly is an excellent exercise for concentrating on the internal portion of the chest and promoting general muscle hypertrophy. This train entails using a cable machine to pull handles or cables in the direction of each other in entrance of your physique, sustaining fixed pressure all through the whole range of motion. It is essential to have interaction your core and preserve correct form and approach all through the exercise to ensure safety and maximize the effectiveness of the exercise. This train can be a great tool for concentrating on and strengthening the chest muscles and may be modified by adjusting the resistance to match your strength and fitness stage. With consistent effort and dedication, cable workout routines is usually a great addition to any man’s health routine. A Lot like a normal bench press, the Cable Chest Press targets the larger pectoral muscle tissue. What units it aside though, is its capacity to interact these typically uncared for stabilizing muscles. This is due to the fixed pressure on your muscular tissues maintained by utilizing cable machines for exercises. As a result, this exercise leads to faster muscle growth and introduces an entire new dimension to your chest workouts. The cable standing single arm fly engages the chest muscle tissue, focusing on the pectoralis main and minor, along with the front deltoids and triceps. They contain utilizing a pair of dumbbells as an alternative of the arms to carry out the push-up movement. A Dumbbell Pullover is the most effective train to construct a powerful rib cage and construct serratus anterior muscle to build a complete chest and back. The barbell board press, also called the block press or pause press, is a powerful variation of the traditional bench press. The decline angle locations less stress on the shoulders, reduces the risk of shoulder strain, and permits you to lift heavier weights. One benefit of the cable squat over the barbell squat is that it's extra evenly distributed, and you have a more constant load in your legs all through the whole range of movement. The train primarily targets the lats, but additionally, you will discover many biceps activations. This is a superb cable train that may really allow you to widen your higher again. During the exercise, you will use a cable machine with handles attached on the bottom whereas lying on a decline bench. The standing low to excessive cable fly is a variation of the chest fly and a cable exercise used to strengthen the pushing muscle tissue of the physique, together with the chest, biceps, and shoulders. Doing a Dumbbell Floor Press is a power training train that works the triceps and chest muscles. It is done by lying on the floor and pressing the dumbbells from shoulder stage to full extension. They are one of the best exercises to help practice the chest at various angles and strengthen the higher chest and shoulders. If you’re in search of easy cable pulley workouts to add to your routine, cable crossover is a good staple exercise to get you started.